A complete revision and exam practice pack for SC8g Solubility, covering C3.19, C3.20 and C3.21.

Topic Mastery Sheet (PDF) - a comprehensive student reference presenting the solubility rules as a structured reference table with the key exceptions clearly flagged. All nitrates are soluble. All sodium, potassium and ammonium salts are soluble. Most chlorides are soluble - the insoluble exceptions are silver chloride (AgCl) and lead chloride (PbCl₂). Most sulfates are soluble - the insoluble exceptions are barium sulfate (BaSO₄), lead sulfate (PbSO₄) and calcium sulfate (CaSO₄). Most carbonates and hydroxides are insoluble - the soluble exceptions are sodium, potassium and ammonium carbonates and hydroxides. The precipitate prediction section introduces the ion-swapping method systematically: list all four ions from both solutions, identify all possible new combinations, and check each against the solubility rules. Two fully worked examples cover AgNO₃ + NaCl (white AgCl precipitate) and copper sulfate + sodium carbonate (green/blue CuCO₃ precipitate). The method for preparing an insoluble salt is set out as a four-step procedure: mix the two solutions to form the precipitate, filter, wash the residue on the filter paper with distilled (not tap) water to remove spectator ions, then dry. The reason for distilled water is explained - tap water contains dissolved ions that could contaminate the product. The Higher-tier ionic equation Ag⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) → AgCl(s) is included with spectator ion identification. The stretch section covers the barium meal X-ray procedure and the analytical tests for sulfate and chloride ions.

Student Exam Practice Sheet (PDF + DOCX) - six questions (11 marks): completing a solubility table for three substances, naming the precipitate from AgNO₃ + NaCl, predicting which two solutions from a list will form a precipitate, naming an insoluble hydroxide, describing how to prepare a pure dry sample of barium sulfate, and identifying spectator ions + writing the ionic equation for silver chloride precipitation (Higher).

Teacher Answer Key (PDF + DOCX) - full tick-point mark scheme with examiner notes.

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