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S2.2 Hybridisation, HL (IBDP Chemistry)

S2.2 Hybridisation, HL (IBDP Chemistry)

Subject: Chemistry

Age range: 16+

Resource type: Lesson (complete)

Last updated

26 February 2026

pptx, 6.52 MB
pptx, 6.52 MB

This PowerPoint lesson explains hybridisation and orbital mixing in covalent bonding, enabling Higher Level IBDP Chemistry students to link Lewis structures, VSEPR theory and molecular geometry. Designed for first assessment 2025, it develops a deep structural understanding of sp, sp² and sp³ hybridisation in both organic and inorganic molecules.

Hybridisation is defined as the mixing of atomic orbitals within the same atom to form new, equivalent hybrid orbitals of intermediate energy. This lesson begins by addressing carbon’s bonding “puzzle,” explaining excitation and why carbon forms four equivalent bonds in methane and diamond. Students are guided step-by-step through the formation and geometry of sp³ (tetrahedral, 109.5°), sp² (trigonal planar, 120°) and sp (linear, 180°) hybrid orbitals.

Clear links are made between hybridisation and sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonding. Students learn that hybrid orbitals form σ bonds, while unhybridised p orbitals form π bonds. Double and triple bonds are analysed structurally (1σ + 1π; 1σ + 2π), reinforcing why π bonds increase reactivity and restrict rotation.

Worked examples include methane, ethene, ethyne, propene and inorganic ions, demonstrating how to determine hybridisation from electron domains using VSEPR. The lesson concludes with an extension to benzene, explaining how sp² hybridisation and sideways p-orbital overlap create a delocalised π system and resonance stabilisation.

Starter activities, structured explanations, geometry tables, practice questions and exam-style tasks are included.

File type included: PowerPoint (.pptx)
Last updated: January 2026 – benzene delocalisation explanations expanded and HL scope refined in line with the 2025 IB Chemistry syllabus.

Get this resource as part of a bundle and save up to 33%

A bundle is a package of resources grouped together to teach a particular topic, or a series of lessons, in one place.

Bundle

BUNDLE S2.2 The Covalent Model HL Only Content (IBDP Chemistry)

This comprehensive bundle of PowerPoints covers the Higher Level content of Topic 2.2 The Covalent Model for IBDP Chemistry (first examination 2025). It develops deep conceptual understanding of resonance, benzene, expanded octets, formal charge, sigma and pi bonding, and hybridisation in a structured, exam-focused sequence. The covalent model explains how atoms share electrons to form molecules, and at HL it extends beyond simple Lewis structures to include delocalisation, orbital overlap and electron-domain analysis. This bundle is designed to build that progression logically — from resonance structures through to hybridisation and aromatic stability — ensuring students can connect Lewis formulas, VSEPR theory, bond order, formal charge and orbital theory. Included lessons: • Resonance Structures – electron delocalisation, bond order, ozone, carbonate, nitrate and resonance hybrids • Benzene – historical models, bond length evidence, hydrogenation data, resonance energy and aromatic stability • Expanded Octets & VSEPR – five and six electron domains, trigonal bipyramidal, T-shaped, octahedral, square planar • Formal Charge – selecting preferred Lewis structures and evaluating charge distribution • Sigma and Pi Bonds – orbital overlap, bond strength, restricted rotation, delocalised π systems • Hybridisation – sp, sp², sp³ bonding, excitation, molecular geometry and benzene delocalisation Throughout the bundle, students analyse physical and chemical evidence, compare alternative structures, and apply exam-style reasoning. Clear worked examples, mini-whiteboard tasks, structured explanations and practice questions are included in each lesson. This resource is ideal for teaching, consolidation or HL revision and aligns fully with the 2025 IB Chemistry syllabus. File type included: Multiple PowerPoint files (.pptx) Last updated: January 2026 – sequencing refined and cross-links between resonance, hybridisation and benzene strengthened for conceptual clarity.

£8.00

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5

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faye_hadlington123

4 months ago
5

Slides are clear and informative. Saves so much time planning. Such a good resource.

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