In this activity, students will examine how Spanish conquistadors overthrew the Aztec Empire and established the Viceroyalty of New Spain, exploring the political, economic, and social systems that the colonial authorities imposed upon indigenous populations. They will also trace the growing resistance movements and internal divisions that ultimately led to the collapse of Spanish rule and the birth of an independent Mexico in 1821.

It has 11 questions for students to answer, as well as a paragraph response section for them to demonstrate their understanding of the topic.