Specification references covered: B4.8 (why new breeds/varieties are created; meaning of GMO), B4.10 (selective breeding process and its impact)

The Topic Mastery Sheet explains breeds and varieties, the five-step selective breeding process, and the key distinction between natural selection (environment decides) and artificial selection (humans decide). A worked sheep-tail example illustrates how selective breeding for one characteristic can create unintended consequences, and a dedicated section covers the genetic diversity risk of narrowing a population through repeated selection.

The Student Exam Practice Sheet (20 marks) is built from the official Edexcel exam question on wheat varieties and stripe rust resistance - including the percentage-reading question and the variety-selection question exactly as it appears in the official paper - plus additional practice on the selective breeding process, yield, genetic diversity risk, and the selective breeding/genetic engineering distinction.

The Teacher Answer Key gives the exact official mark scheme wording, including the guidance that references to “more money/profit” without mention of crop/yield are not credited.

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