Specification references covered:** B4.7** (classification into kingdoms and the three-domain system; binomial naming; genetic analysis evidence)

The Topic Mastery Sheet builds the classification hierarchy from kingdom down to species using a fully worked example spanning three different organisms (dog, house fly, common sunflower), then explains the binomial naming system with real species examples. The five traditional kingdoms are compared in a reference table, and the three-domain system is explained with the genetic evidence that led to Archaea receiving its own domain separate from Bacteria.

The Student Exam Practice Sheet (20 marks) is built directly from the official Edexcel exam questions on classification: kingdoms with nuclei MCQ, kingdom identification from cell features, evolutionary sequence MCQ, genetic analysis technique MCQ, domain common ancestor dating, and the reason Archaea were reclassified - plus additional practice on the classification hierarchy and binomial naming.

The Teacher Answer Key reproduces the official mark scheme answers exactly, including the accepted range for the Eukarya/Archaea common ancestor date (2.4–2.6 billion years) and all accepted reasons for the Archaea reclassification.

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