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Last updated

20 March 2026

pdf, 4 MB
pdf, 4 MB

Topics Covered

• Hypothesis testing framework
• Type I error (α)
• Type II error (β)
• Power of a test
• Relationship between α, β, and power
• Factors affecting power:
  ✔ Sample size
  ✔ Significance level
  ✔ Effect size
  ✔ Standard error
• Trade-offs between errors
• Real-world examples (medical, quality control, etc.)
• Relationship between p-value and errors
• Common misconceptions and exam traps

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